Effects of Reaction Time on Degree of Substitution, Yield and Morphology of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Banana Peel

Abstract Carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) was extracted from cultivated banana peel (BP) agricultural waste. Cellulose first BP through delignification, bleaching and hydrolysis processes. Then, CMC prepared by the carboxymethylation reaction using monochloroacetic acid as a modifying agent. A mixture of 30% sodium hydroxide solution isopropanol used solvent medium for etherification with time 1-5 hours. The effects on physical appearance, chemical structure, degree substitution (DS), percent yield (%yield) morphology were studied. Results indicated that cellulose (BPC) powder could be 14.81%±7.20. successfully BPC confirmed FT-IR technique. DS %yield increased when 1 to 4 hours but decreased reached 5 Reaction gave optimal at 0.61±0.05 152.65±17.93, respectively. presented bulk particle shape dense smooth surface. After etherification, changed small particles fibrous porous rough